Pakistan MCQs

Natural and juristic persons can have legal personality.
The law determines its scope.

Possession commonly includes corpus and animus.
A possessor may or may not be the owner.

Ownership includes a bundle of powers such as use and transfer.
These powers remain subject to law.

Sanctions support enforcement of legal rules.
They may be civil, criminal, or administrative.

Precedent promotes consistency in adjudication.
Its authority depends on court hierarchy and the ratio decidendi.

The ratio is the binding element of a precedent.
It must be distinguished from obiter dicta.

Obiter dicta may be persuasive but are usually not binding.
Their influence depends on the court and reasoning.

A valid legal custom generally requires continuity and certainty.
Recognition by courts or legislation gives it legal effect.

Actus reus is the external element of an offence.
Criminal liability commonly requires both actus reus and mens rea.

Natural law theories assess legal rules against reason or moral standards.
They often distinguish just law from mere coercive command.

Mens rea concerns intention, knowledge, recklessness, or negligence.
Its required form depends on the offence.

Command theory is associated with John Austin.
It links legal obligation to sovereign commands and sanctions.