Pakistan MCQs

One double bond reduces hydrogen count by two relative to an alkane.
Thus the formula is CnH2n.

Hydrogenation converts an unsaturated bond toward saturation.
A metal catalyst is commonly used.

A triple bond reduces hydrogen count by four relative to an alkane.
The general formula becomes CnH2n-2.

Esterification is a condensation reaction.
An acid catalyst is often used.

Coordination number counts metal-ligand attachment sites.
A bidentate ligand contributes two donor atoms.

Functional groups determine much of a molecule's chemistry.
Examples include hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl groups.

Hydrolysis breaks susceptible bonds using water components.
Esters, amides, and biological polymers can undergo hydrolysis.

Complex ions have coordinate bonds between metal and ligands.
Their charge includes metal and ligand charges.

Alcohols contain an -OH bonded to a saturated carbon.
Their properties include hydrogen bonding.

Six CN- ligands contribute -6 total.
Fe must be +2 to give overall charge -4.

An aldehyde has a carbonyl carbon bonded to at least one hydrogen.
The group is commonly written -CHO.

An ore contains a useful mineral in sufficient concentration.
Economic and technological factors determine whether extraction is worthwhile.