Pakistan MCQs

Confidentiality is duty to protect patient information unless disclosure is authorised or legally required.

Clinical governance is a framework through which organisations are accountable for continuously improving quality and safety.

Incident reporting is formal documentation of safety events and near misses to support investigation and learning.

Root-cause analysis is a structured method for identifying system factors contributing to a serious event.

Evidence-based practice is integration of best available evidence, clinical expertise and patient preferences.

Informed consent is voluntary agreement after understandable information about benefits, risks and alternatives.

Scope of practice is activities a professional is educated, authorised and competent to perform.

Conflict resolution is a structured process for addressing disagreement while preserving safety and teamwork.

Quality indicator is a measurable element used to monitor performance or outcomes of care.

Mentorship is a developmental relationship supporting professional growth and reflective practice.

Sampling is selection of a subset of a population for study.

Qualitative research is research exploring experiences, meanings or processes using non-numeric data.