Pakistan MCQs

Lipids include fats, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes.
They are hydrophobic or amphipathic.

Triglycerides are major energy-storage lipids.
They form through ester bonds.

Saturated fatty acids are fully saturated with hydrogen.
They are often solid at room temperature.

Double bonds introduce bends into fatty-acid chains.
They often increase membrane fluidity.

Phospholipids spontaneously form bilayers in water.
They are the main structural molecules of cell membranes.

Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
Their sequence determines folding and function.

Peptide bonds form through dehydration synthesis.
They link the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another.

Heat, pH, or chemicals can disrupt protein folding.
The amino-acid sequence may remain intact.

Enzymes lower activation energy.
They speed reactions without being consumed overall.

Hydrolysis separates polymers into smaller units.
Water contributes H and OH to the products.

Carbohydrates include sugars, starches, glycogen, and cellulose.
They serve both energy and structural roles.

Monosaccharides are the simplest carbohydrates.
Glucose, fructose, and galactose are examples.