BS Zoology Semester Exam MCQs

Malpighian tubules collect nitrogenous wastes from hemolymph and empty them into the gut. They also help maintain water and ion balance.

Insects have an open circulatory system. Hemolymph leaves vessels and flows through body spaces, transporting nutrients, wastes, and hormones but usually not most oxygen.

The insect nervous system includes a brain and a ventral nerve cord with ganglia. It controls sensory processing, movement, feeding, and reproductive behaviors.

At the neuromuscular junction, motor neurons communicate with muscle fibers. This allows nervous control of walking, flying, feeding, and other movements.

Malpighian tubules collect nitrogenous wastes from hemolymph and empty them into the gut. They also help maintain water and ion balance.

Insects have an open circulatory system. Hemolymph leaves vessels and flows through body spaces, transporting nutrients, wastes, and hormones but usually not most oxygen.

The insect nervous system includes a brain and a ventral nerve cord with ganglia. It controls sensory processing, movement, feeding, and reproductive behaviors.

The insect foregut receives food and may include structures such as crop and gizzard. It is lined with cuticle and helps store or mechanically process food.

Most insects use a tracheal system for gas exchange. Oxygen travels through spiracles and tracheae directly to tissues, reducing dependence on blood for oxygen transport.

The dorsal vessel functions as the insect heart and aorta. It moves hemolymph forward through the body cavity.

Ganglia act as local control centers. Insects can coordinate segmental movements through thoracic and abdominal ganglia, sometimes even with partial independence from the brain.

Hovering requires strong flight muscles and fine control of wing movement. Many flies and some bees can maintain position in air while feeding or surveying the environment.