Practice BS Zoology Semester Exam questions with answers and explanations.
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B cells can differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies. Antibodies bind specific antigens and assist pathogen neutralization or removal.
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Cutaneous respiration requires blood flow near the skin to carry absorbed oxygen to tissues and remove carbon dioxide.
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After feeding, the digestive tract requires increased blood supply for absorption, transport, and metabolic processing of nutrients.
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Activated B lymphocytes can differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies specific to an antigen.
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Hemolymph is a primary circulatory fluid in open systems. Vertebrate lymph is tissue fluid collected by lymphatic vessels and returned to blood.
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T cells coordinate immune responses and can kill infected cells. They are central to cell-mediated adaptive immunity.
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Vasoconstriction reduces vessel diameter and increases resistance, often raising blood pressure if other factors remain similar.
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Pulmonary circulation moves blood from the heart to the lungs and back. Systemic circulation moves blood between the heart and body tissues.
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Cytotoxic T cells recognize infected cells and kill them, limiting viral replication. This is a key cell-mediated immune response.
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Invertebrates generally lack vertebrate-style adaptive immunity but possess effective innate defenses, including barriers, phagocytic cells, antimicrobial peptides, and clotting-like responses.
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Exercise increases tissue oxygen and nutrient demand. Higher heart rate and cardiac output increase delivery and waste removal.
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The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta and systemic arteries, supplying the body.
