Practice BS Zoology Semester Exam questions with answers and explanations.
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The nervous system can control glandular secretion through autonomic pathways. Glands act as effectors responding to neural signals.
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Parathyroid hormone raises blood calcium through effects on bone, kidneys, and vitamin D activation. It is regulated by negative feedback.
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Annelids have a more centralized nervous system with ganglia and nerve cords. This supports coordinated segmental movement and sensory responses.
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The lateral line is used for sensing water movement and vibration. Damage impairs orientation, schooling, prey detection, and predator avoidance.
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Olfactory receptors detect odor molecules. If access to receptors is blocked, smell perception decreases even if the nervous system remains intact.
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Calcitonin from the thyroid helps reduce blood calcium, especially by influencing bone calcium deposition. Its role opposes parathyroid hormone.
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The central nervous system receives and integrates sensory signals, then coordinates behavior and physiological responses through motor pathways.
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Chemical senses work when molecules interact with receptor proteins. Taste usually detects dissolved chemicals, while smell detects airborne molecules that dissolve in mucus.
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Stretch receptors detect mechanical deformation of tissues. In internal organs, they provide feedback about distension and physiological state.
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Ecdysone is an arthropod molting hormone. It initiates cuticle shedding and developmental transitions when balanced with juvenile hormone.
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Skeletal muscle contraction depends on actin and myosin filaments sliding past one another. Blocking their interaction prevents force production and therefore movement.
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Sweat evaporation removes heat from the body surface. This shows how the skin acts in thermoregulation, not just as a protective barrier.
