Practice CPSP FCPS I Ophthalmology questions with answers and explanations.
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Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid that increases renal sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion.
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Countercurrent multiplier is a loop-of-Henle mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient for urine concentration.
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Baroreceptor reflex is a rapid autonomic response that buffers short-term changes in arterial blood pressure.
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Action potential refractory period is a period that limits immediate re-excitation of an excitable membrane after depolarisation.
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Circle of Willis is an arterial anastomotic ring at the base of the brain connecting anterior and posterior circulations.
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Frank-Starling mechanism is an increase in ventricular filling produces a stronger contraction within physiological limits.
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Glomerular filtration rate is the volume of plasma filtered by all functioning glomeruli per unit time.
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Surfactant is a phospholipid-rich substance that lowers alveolar surface tension and helps prevent collapse.
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Bohr effect is reduced haemoglobin affinity for oxygen in tissues with increased carbon dioxide or acidity.
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Insulin is a pancreatic beta-cell hormone that promotes glucose uptake and storage and lowers blood glucose.
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Femoral nerve is the principal nerve of the anterior thigh, supplying quadriceps and enabling knee extension.
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Femoral nerve is the principal nerve of the anterior thigh, supplying quadriceps and enabling knee extension.
