CPSP FCPS I Paediatrics MCQs

Incidence is the occurrence of new cases in a population at risk during a defined period.

Prevalence is the proportion of a population that has a condition at a specified time or period.

Sensitivity is the ability of a test to correctly identify people who have the disease.

Specificity is the ability of a test to correctly identify people who do not have the disease.

Relative risk is a ratio comparing disease risk in an exposed group with risk in an unexposed group.

Odds ratio is a measure of association commonly used in case-control studies.

Primary prevention is action taken before disease occurs to reduce its incidence.

Secondary prevention is early detection and prompt intervention to limit disease progression.

Tertiary prevention is measures that reduce disability and improve function after established disease.

Herd immunity is population-level protection that arises when enough people are immune to reduce transmission.

Cohort study is an observational design that follows exposed and unexposed groups over time to compare outcomes.

Oral rehydration solution is a glucose-electrolyte solution that promotes intestinal sodium and water absorption.