Practice CPSP FCPS I Surgery Allied questions with answers and explanations.
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Metaplasia is a reversible replacement of one mature cell type by another better suited to stress.
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Caseous necrosis is a friable cheese-like pattern of necrosis classically associated with tuberculosis.
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Granuloma is an organised collection of activated macrophages formed in response to persistent inflammation.
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Dysplasia is disordered epithelial growth with cytological atypia that may precede malignancy.
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Bohr effect is reduced haemoglobin affinity for oxygen in tissues with increased carbon dioxide or acidity.
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Insulin is a pancreatic beta-cell hormone that promotes glucose uptake and storage and lowers blood glucose.
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Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid that increases renal sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion.
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Countercurrent multiplier is a loop-of-Henle mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient for urine concentration.
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Baroreceptor reflex is a rapid autonomic response that buffers short-term changes in arterial blood pressure.
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Action potential refractory period is a period that limits immediate re-excitation of an excitable membrane after depolarisation.
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Parathyroid hormone is a hormone that raises plasma calcium through bone, kidney and vitamin-D related effects.
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Gastrin is a gastrointestinal hormone that stimulates gastric acid secretion and mucosal growth.
