FPSC MCQs

Imam al-Ghazali wrote Ihya Ulum al-Din, or Revival of the Religious Sciences.
It combines worship, ethics, spirituality, and social conduct.

Ibn Rushd was known in Latin Europe as Averroes.
He wrote influential works on philosophy, law, and medicine.

Imam al-Nawawi compiled Riyad al-Salihin.
The collection organizes hadith around ethics, worship, and daily life.

Halal means lawful or permitted under Islamic guidance.
It applies to food, conduct, earnings, and other matters.

Haram refers to actions or things prohibited by clear Islamic evidence.
Avoiding them is a religious duty.

Fard means an obligation established by authoritative evidence.
Deliberately neglecting it without excuse is sinful.

In legal usage, Sunnah often refers to prophetic practices recommended for Muslims.
The term may have broader meanings in other contexts.

Makruh describes conduct that Islamic law discourages.
Scholars distinguish different levels and consequences.

Mubah means permitted without inherent reward or sin.
Intention can still affect the moral value of an ordinary act.

Ijma refers to recognized consensus of qualified Muslim scholars.
It is considered a source of legal authority in classical jurisprudence.

Qiyas extends a known ruling to a new case through a shared effective cause.
It is used when direct texts do not explicitly address the new issue.

The Umayyad Caliphate ruled from Damascus.
Its period began after the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs.