Practice NEB Dental Standard 4 questions with answers and explanations.
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Specificity is the ability of a test to correctly identify people who do not have the disease.
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Relative risk is a ratio comparing disease risk in an exposed group with risk in an unexposed group.
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Odds ratio is a measure of association commonly used in case-control studies.
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Primary prevention is action taken before disease occurs to reduce its incidence.
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Secondary prevention is early detection and prompt intervention to limit disease progression.
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Tertiary prevention is measures that reduce disability and improve function after established disease.
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Herd immunity is population-level protection that arises when enough people are immune to reduce transmission.
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Cohort study is an observational design that follows exposed and unexposed groups over time to compare outcomes.
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Case-control study is an observational design that starts with outcome status and looks backward for exposure.
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Randomised controlled trial is an experimental design that randomly allocates participants to intervention groups.
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Surveillance is systematic ongoing collection, analysis and use of health data for public-health action.
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Confounding is distortion of an exposure-outcome association by a third factor related to both.
