NEB Medical Standard 3 MCQs

Transamination is transfer of an amino group between an amino acid and a keto acid.

Polymerase chain reaction is a method that amplifies a selected DNA sequence through repeated thermal cycles.

Glycolysis is a cytosolic pathway that converts glucose to pyruvate while generating ATP and NADH.

Urea cycle is a hepatic pathway that converts toxic ammonia into urea for excretion.

Parathyroid hormone is a hormone that raises plasma calcium through bone, kidney and vitamin-D related effects.

Glomerular filtration rate is the volume of plasma filtered by all functioning glomeruli per unit time.

Surfactant is a phospholipid-rich substance that lowers alveolar surface tension and helps prevent collapse.

Bohr effect is reduced haemoglobin affinity for oxygen in tissues with increased carbon dioxide or acidity.

Insulin is a pancreatic beta-cell hormone that promotes glucose uptake and storage and lowers blood glucose.

Aldosterone is a mineralocorticoid that increases renal sodium reabsorption and potassium secretion.

Countercurrent multiplier is a loop-of-Henle mechanism that establishes the medullary osmotic gradient for urine concentration.

Baroreceptor reflex is a rapid autonomic response that buffers short-term changes in arterial blood pressure.