NET Applied Sciences MCQs

Fungal cell walls contain chitin and other polysaccharides.
Chitin is also found in arthropod exoskeletons.

Water enters the cell and the vacuole expands.
The cell wall prevents bursting and creates turgor pressure.

Peptidoglycan forms a strong mesh around bacterial cells.
Its thickness differs between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Plasmolysis occurs in a hypertonic environment.
The vacuole shrinks and the membrane pulls inward.

Cytoplasm includes the cytosol and suspended structures.
Many metabolic reactions occur there.

The cytoskeleton includes microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.
It supports transport, division, and movement.

Microtubules form tracks for motor proteins.
They also form the mitotic spindle, cilia, and flagella.

Microfilaments are mainly composed of actin.
They participate in cell crawling, cytokinesis, and muscle contraction.

Diffusion results from random molecular motion.
It continues until concentration differences are reduced.

Water moves toward the side with higher effective solute concentration.
Osmosis affects cell volume and turgor.

Channels and carriers help polar or charged substances cross membranes.
No direct energy input is required.

Active transport uses pumps or coupled carriers.
It maintains ion gradients and cell homeostasis.