Least privilege limits the damage possible from mistakes, compromised software, or abused credentials.
Permissions should be minimal in scope and duration while still allowing the required work.
Correct Answer: C. To create and manage isolated virtual hardware environments for guest operating systems
Explanation:
A hypervisor multiplexes physical CPU, memory, storage, and devices among virtual machines.
It also enforces isolation between guests and controls privileged operations.
Correct Answer: B. Which operations each subject or domain may perform on each object
Explanation:
Rows commonly represent subjects or domains, columns represent objects, and entries contain access rights.
Access-control lists and capability lists are practical ways to store parts of this conceptual matrix.
Correct Answer: A. A set of objects and access rights available to a process or user at a given time
Explanation:
A protection domain defines the current authority of a subject over system objects.
Changing domains can change the operations the subject is permitted to perform.
Correct Answer: D. Raw block management can reduce file-system overhead and provide predictable layout
Explanation:
A dedicated swap partition can be managed directly with policies optimized for paging traffic.
A swap file is more flexible, but it may involve additional file-system mapping overhead.
Correct Answer: C. C-SCAN services requests in one direction and returns quickly to the beginning without servicing on the return trip
Explanation:
C-SCAN treats the cylinders as a circular queue and provides a more uniform wait across locations.
The return movement resets the sweep rather than servicing requests in the opposite direction.
Correct Answer: B. It services requests while moving in one direction, then reverses direction
Explanation:
SCAN behaves like an elevator, processing requests along the current sweep before reversing.
This offers more predictable waiting than repeatedly selecting only the nearest request.
Correct Answer: D. First-come, first-served disk scheduling
Explanation:
FCFS disk scheduling preserves request order and is simple and fair by arrival time.
It may produce large head movements when successive requests are far apart.
Seek time is the mechanical movement time needed to position the disk arm over the desired cylinder.
Rotational latency then waits for the desired sector to rotate under the head.
Correct Answer: B. Free blocks are linked together, with the file system storing a pointer to the list
Explanation:
A free list chains available blocks so allocation can remove blocks from the list and deallocation can return them.
Finding large contiguous runs may be less efficient than with a bitmap.
