All MCQs

Free text does not naturally follow a fixed row-and-column schema, so it is commonly treated as unstructured data. The other options already have explicit tabular structure.

Reproducibility requires enough information for another person to repeat the analysis and obtain comparable results. Documented code and settings make the workflow traceable.

Domain knowledge provides context for defining variables, identifying implausible results, and evaluating usefulness. It complements rather than replaces statistical and computational methods.

Problem formulation converts a broad business objective into a precise analytical question and target. This step guides data collection, modeling, and evaluation.

Data science requires quantitative reasoning, programming, data management, and knowledge of the problem domain. No single technical skill is sufficient for the full workflow.

Datafication is the conversion of activities, interactions, or phenomena into measurable digital data. The fitness band transforms aspects of daily life into analyzable records.

Hype occurs when fashionable terms are used more broadly than their technical meaning justifies. A routine spreadsheet report is not automatically a data-science project.

Generalizable knowledge captures patterns that can apply to new or broader cases rather than only the observed data. This distinguishes meaningful learning from memorizing a particular dataset.

Data science combines methods from statistics, computing, and domain knowledge to obtain useful knowledge from data. Its goal is broader than storing data or producing routine reports.

Social insects such as bees, ants, and termites show cooperation, division of labor, and communication. These traits allow colonies to function as highly organized units.

Social insects such as bees, ants, and termites show cooperation, division of labor, and communication. These traits allow colonies to function as highly organized units.

Social insects such as bees, ants, and termites show cooperation, division of labor, and communication. These traits allow colonies to function as highly organized units.