Data Warehousing and Business Intelligence MCQs

The plan shows how the optimizer intends to execute the SQL statement.
It helps identify scans, bad estimates, spills, and missing access paths.

Size, position, contrast, and whitespace signal relative importance.
A clear hierarchy helps users understand where to look first.

RLS applies role filters so different users see permitted subsets of the same model.
It must be tested with user identities and model relationships.

Purpose limitation and data minimization reduce privacy risk.
Access, retention, consent, and lawful use must align with organizational obligations.

A sargable predicate leaves the indexed column unwrapped so the engine can seek a range.
Applying functions to the column often prevents efficient index navigation.

The principle favors visual elements that communicate data or aid interpretation.
Removing clutter makes patterns and comparisons easier to see.

Imported models contain a snapshot that becomes stale as sources change.
Scheduled refresh updates that snapshot according to the configured timetable.

Retention balances analytical value, cost, performance, privacy, and legal duties.
The policy should define archival and secure disposal as well as retention periods.

GROUPING SETS allow several group combinations without separate UNION queries.
They can produce totals by region, product, and overall in one statement.

Early filtering reduces I/O, transfer, join inputs, and aggregation work.
Modern engines may push predicates into scans, remote sources, or storage segments.

Users may have color-vision or visual limitations.
Redundant cues and sufficient contrast make information understandable to more people.

The gateway brokers refresh or live queries without exposing sources directly to the internet.
Credentials and data-source mappings are managed under controlled configuration.