Physics, chemistry, biology basics.
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The heart has two atria and two ventricles.
The chambers separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
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Bile breaks large fat globules into small droplets physically.
This increases surface area for lipase action.
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The cerebrum is the largest brain region.
It supports conscious thought, sensation, memory, and voluntary movement.
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Arteries carry blood away from the heart under pressure.
Most carry oxygenated blood, with pulmonary arteries as an exception.
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The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile made by the liver.
It releases bile into the small intestine.
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The cerebellum fine-tunes movements and posture.
Damage can cause poor coordination.
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Veins return blood to the heart.
Many contain valves that help prevent backflow.
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Salivary amylase starts breaking starch into smaller sugars.
Its action continues briefly after swallowing.
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The medulla regulates vital involuntary functions.
These include breathing rhythm and heart rate.
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Capillary walls are only one cell thick.
This allows diffusion of gases, nutrients, and wastes.
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Pepsin works in the acidic stomach environment.
It breaks proteins into smaller peptides.
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Neurons receive and transmit electrical and chemical signals.
They form the basic units of the nervous system.
