MDCAT Chemistry MCQs

Each carbon in an alkane forms four bonds.
An open-chain saturated hydrocarbon follows CnH2n+2.

One double bond reduces hydrogen count by two relative to an alkane.
Thus the formula is CnH2n.

A triple bond reduces hydrogen count by four relative to an alkane.
The general formula becomes CnH2n-2.

Functional groups determine much of a molecule's chemistry.
Examples include hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl groups.

Alcohols contain an -OH bonded to a saturated carbon.
Their properties include hydrogen bonding.

An aldehyde has a carbonyl carbon bonded to at least one hydrogen.
The group is commonly written -CHO.

A ketone carbonyl carbon is bonded to two carbon groups.
It occurs within the carbon skeleton.

The carboxyl group combines carbonyl and hydroxyl functions.
Carboxylic acids can donate a proton.

Esters are commonly formed from carboxylic acids and alcohols.
Many have characteristic odors.

Amines are derivatives of ammonia.
The nitrogen lone pair often makes them basic.

Organic chemistry mainly studies carbon compounds.
Some carbon compounds such as carbonates and carbon dioxide are treated as inorganic.

Hydrocarbons are the simplest organic compounds.
They include alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and aromatic compounds.