Operating System MCQs

Turnaround time covers the entire interval from job submission or arrival to completion.
It includes waiting, execution, and I/O delays experienced by the job.

Operating systems may define different inheritance rules for files, address space, credentials, and other resources.
Process creation does not require one universal all-or-nothing sharing policy.

A process normally terminates after completing its work and invoking an exit operation.
The operating system then records status information and reclaims resources.

An orphan is a still-running child whose original parent has terminated.
The system usually reassigns it to a designated system process for later management.

A zombie has completed execution but retains a small process-table entry containing exit information.
The entry disappears when the parent performs the appropriate wait operation.

A context switch preserves registers and other execution state so a process can later resume correctly.
The incoming process's saved state is then loaded before execution continues.

The dispatcher performs the final handoff, including context switching, mode transition, and jumping to the chosen process.
The scheduler chooses the process, while the dispatcher starts its execution.

Dispatch latency measures the overhead between the scheduling decision and actual execution of the selected process.
It includes activities such as context switching and transferring control.

A ready queue contains processes eligible for CPU service, while wait queues group processes blocked for events.
This organization supports efficient scheduling and event handling.

The stack holds call frames containing local variables, saved registers, parameters, and return information.
Its allocation and deallocation usually follow function-call nesting.

The heap supports dynamic memory allocation whose lifetime is controlled by the program.
It is distinct from the automatically managed call stack.

A process tree shows which processes created other processes, forming parent-child relationships.
It is unrelated to disk scheduling, paging, or access-control entries.