PMS Islamic Studies MCQs

Ibn al-Haytham developed experimental approaches to vision and light.
His Book of Optics became highly influential.

Al-Biruni studied Indian religion, science, geography, and society.
His work showed careful comparative observation.

Ibn Khaldun wrote the Muqaddimah as an introduction to his history.
It analyzes society, state formation, and historical change.

Ibn Battuta traveled widely across Africa, Asia, and Europe.
His journeys were recorded in the Rihlah.

Al-Idrisi produced a major geographical work and map.
He worked at the court of Roger II in Sicily.

Salahuddin defeated the Crusader army at Hattin.
The victory enabled the recovery of Jerusalem.

In legal usage, Sunnah often refers to prophetic practices recommended for Muslims.
The term may have broader meanings in other contexts.

Makruh describes conduct that Islamic law discourages.
Scholars distinguish different levels and consequences.

Mubah means permitted without inherent reward or sin.
Intention can still affect the moral value of an ordinary act.

Ijma refers to recognized consensus of qualified Muslim scholars.
It is considered a source of legal authority in classical jurisprudence.

Qiyas extends a known ruling to a new case through a shared effective cause.
It is used when direct texts do not explicitly address the new issue.

The Umayyad Caliphate ruled from Damascus.
Its period began after the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs.