Practice Pakistan questions with answers and explanations.
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Nominal data classify observations without ranking them.
Examples include blood group and marital status.
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Ordinal data preserve order among categories.
The gaps between successive categories need not be equal.
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Interval scales support meaningful differences between values.
Temperature in degrees Celsius has no true absence point.
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Ratio-scale data support meaningful ratios because zero represents absence.
Weight, distance, and age are common examples.
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A frequency distribution organizes data by values or class intervals.
It helps reveal concentration, spread, and shape.
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A histogram uses adjacent bars to display frequencies across intervals.
The touching bars reflect continuity of the measurement scale.
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Histograms represent continuous intervals and normally use touching bars.
Bar charts display separate categories with gaps.
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The median depends on order rather than the magnitude of all observations.
Extreme values can greatly affect the mean but often leave the median stable.
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The mode identifies the value or category occurring most often.
A dataset may have one mode, several modes, or no mode.
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The range is the simplest measure of spread.
It depends only on the two most extreme observations.
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Standard deviation is the square root of variance.
Larger values indicate greater dispersion around the mean.
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The IQR measures the spread of the middle 50 percent of data.
It is resistant to extreme observations.
