Pakistan MCQs

The Rational Method relates peak flow to rainfall intensity, area, and runoff coefficient.
It is commonly used for small urban catchments.

Continuity expresses conservation of mass.
For incompressible flow, area times velocity remains constant without lateral flow.

CBR is an empirical measure of subgrade and base-material strength.
It is widely used in flexible pavement design.

Traffic volume is commonly expressed as vehicles per hour or per day.
It supports capacity, design, and planning decisions.

The Proctor test establishes the moisture-density relationship for soil.
Its results guide field compaction control.

Permeability depends on particle size, void ratio, and fluid properties.
Sands are generally more permeable than clays.

Retaining walls hold back soil at different elevations.
They must be checked for sliding, overturning, and bearing failure.

Wall movement away from soil allows the active condition to develop.
Active pressure is lower than at-rest pressure.

A theodolite measures horizontal and vertical angles.
Modern total stations combine angle measurement with electronic distance measurement.

Leveling establishes relative heights of points.
It is used for roads, drainage, buildings, and contouring.

Benchmarks provide elevation control for surveys.
Temporary benchmarks may be established from permanent references.

Contours represent ground relief on maps.
Their spacing indicates the steepness of terrain.