Practice BS Zoology Semester Exam questions with answers and explanations.
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Feathers are important for insulation and flight surface. Losing many feathers can reduce thermal control or flight performance until new feathers develop.
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Chemoreceptors respond to chemical molecules in air, water, or body fluids. Smell and taste are common chemosensory functions.
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A flagellum produces wave-like motion that propels a sperm cell. It is a cellular movement mechanism, not a skeletal or circulatory adaptation.
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The keratinized reptilian skin reduces evaporation, allowing more effective terrestrial life. It is an adaptation for protection against drying.
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The integument protects against injury, pathogens, and water loss or gain. Without it, the body cannot maintain stable internal conditions effectively.
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Keratin is a structural protein found in many vertebrate integumentary derivatives, including mammalian hair and reptilian scales.
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Photoreceptors detect light. In eyes or simple light-sensitive organs, they allow animals to respond to illumination, shadows, and visual signals.
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The rigid insect exoskeleton gives protection and muscle attachment, but it does not expand like living tissue. Arthropods therefore molt periodically to permit growth before a new exoskeleton hardens.
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Reptilian skin is keratinized and relatively waterproof, which reduces evaporation. Amphibian skin remains moist and permeable, useful for respiration but risky in dry environments.
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Moist glandular amphibian skin allows oxygen and carbon dioxide to diffuse across the body surface. This cutaneous respiration supplements lung breathing, especially during inactivity or in water.
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Mammalian skin includes hair and glands that help insulation, cooling, lubrication, and protection. These are integumentary adaptations related to homeostasis and defense.
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After molting, the new arthropod cuticle is soft and flexible. It later hardens through sclerotization or mineral deposition, restoring protection and support.
