Practice BS Zoology Semester Exam questions with answers and explanations.
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Myelin forms an insulating sheath around many axons and allows faster saltatory conduction. Damage to myelin slows or disrupts nerve signaling.
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Hydrostatic skeletons use fluid pressure inside body cavities to support soft tissues. Annelids are a standard example because their coelomic fluid works with muscles during movement.
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Many limb movements depend on antagonistic muscle pairs. One muscle shortens while the opposing muscle relaxes, allowing controlled movement in opposite directions.
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Vertebrate bone stores calcium salts and phosphate, which give hardness and structural strength. Mineral storage is an additional skeletal function.
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Reflex arcs can process information through the spinal cord or local neural circuits, producing rapid protective responses before conscious perception.
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Tendons are tough connective tissues that attach muscles to bones. They transmit contractile force so bones move at joints.
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Ligaments are connective tissues that stabilize joints by linking bones to other bones. Tendons connect muscles to bones.
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Some amphibians have strong regenerative ability, including limb regeneration. This involves coordinated growth, nerves, and tissues rather than simple wound closure.
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Nerve impulses travel rapidly along specific pathways and act on targeted cells. Endocrine signals are often slower and distributed through blood or body fluids.
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Skeletons help support body weight and maintain posture. This is separate from digestion, excretion, or immune memory.
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Bones serve as levers and joints as fulcrums. Skeletal muscles provide the force for movement by contracting and pulling on bones.
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Posture is maintained by skeletal support plus continuous or reflex muscle activity. Bones alone cannot hold normal posture without muscular control.
