GAT Subject Biological Sciences MCQs

Mitochondria convert energy from nutrients into ATP.
They contain their own DNA and ribosomes.

Phagocytosis is often called cell eating.
Immune cells use it to engulf microbes and debris.

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and photosynthetic membranes.
They convert light energy into chemical energy.

Pinocytosis is often called cell drinking.
Small vesicles form from the plasma membrane.

The central vacuole stores water, ions, pigments, and wastes.
Its pressure helps support plant tissues.

Water enters the cell by osmosis.
Without a cell wall, excessive water entry can cause lysis.

Cellulose microfibrils provide strength to plant cell walls.
The wall supports and protects the cell.

Water moves out toward the higher solute concentration.
The cell undergoes crenation.

Fungal cell walls contain chitin and other polysaccharides.
Chitin is also found in arthropod exoskeletons.

Peptidoglycan forms a strong mesh around bacterial cells.
Its thickness differs between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Cytoplasm includes the cytosol and suspended structures.
Many metabolic reactions occur there.

The nucleus stores chromosomes in eukaryotic cells.
It also regulates gene expression and cell activities.