GAT Subject Biological Sciences MCQs

Competitive inhibitors resemble or obstruct the substrate.
Their effect can often be reduced by increasing substrate concentration.

Noncompetitive binding changes enzyme shape or function.
Adding more substrate does not fully overcome it.

ATP stores usable energy in phosphate bonds.
Hydrolysis of ATP powers many cellular processes.

Glycolysis breaks glucose into pyruvate.
It occurs in the cytosol and does not directly require oxygen.

Cellular respiration oxidizes fuel molecules.
Most ATP in aerobic cells is produced through oxidative phosphorylation.

The Krebs cycle oxidizes acetyl-CoA.
It produces reduced electron carriers and carbon dioxide.

Photosynthesis builds carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water.
Light energy is captured by pigments such as chlorophyll.

Phospholipids spontaneously form bilayers in water.
They are the main structural molecules of cell membranes.

Proteins are polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds.
Their sequence determines folding and function.

Peptide bonds form through dehydration synthesis.
They link the carboxyl group of one amino acid to the amino group of another.

Heat, pH, or chemicals can disrupt protein folding.
The amino-acid sequence may remain intact.

Enzymes lower activation energy.
They speed reactions without being consumed overall.