Practice NEB Medical Standard 4 questions with answers and explanations.
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Virchow triad is endothelial injury, abnormal blood flow and hypercoagulability as major contributors to thrombosis.
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Anaplasia is loss of differentiation and cellular organisation in a malignant neoplasm.
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Amyloidosis is extracellular deposition of misfolded protein in a beta-pleated sheet configuration.
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Apoptosis is programmed cell death with cell shrinkage and minimal inflammation.
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Reed-Sternberg cell is a large atypical cell classically associated with Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Hyperplasia is an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ.
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Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size leading to enlargement of a tissue or organ.
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Transudate is low-protein fluid caused mainly by altered hydrostatic or oncotic pressure.
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Exudate is protein-rich inflammatory fluid caused by increased vascular permeability.
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Coagulative necrosis is a pattern of cell death with preserved tissue architecture, typical of ischaemia in solid organs except brain.
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Caseous necrosis is a friable cheese-like pattern of necrosis classically associated with tuberculosis.
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Granuloma is an organised collection of activated macrophages formed in response to persistent inflammation.
