Nursing Community Epidemiology MCQs

Primary prevention is action taken before disease occurs to reduce its incidence.

Secondary prevention is early detection and prompt intervention to limit disease progression.

Tertiary prevention is measures that reduce disability and improve function after established disease.

Herd immunity is population-level protection that arises when enough people are immune to reduce transmission.

Cohort study is an observational design that follows exposed and unexposed groups over time to compare outcomes.

Case-control study is an observational design that starts with outcome status and looks backward for exposure.

Randomised controlled trial is an experimental design that randomly allocates participants to intervention groups.

Surveillance is systematic ongoing collection, analysis and use of health data for public-health action.

Acid-fast bacillus is an organism with a lipid-rich cell wall that retains carbol fuchsin after acid-alcohol treatment.

IgM is the first major antibody isotype produced in a primary immune response.

IgA is the principal antibody isotype in mucosal secretions.

Type IV hypersensitivity is a delayed T-cell mediated immune reaction rather than an antibody-mediated reaction.