PMS MCQs

Abd al-Rahman I established an independent Umayyad emirate in Cordoba.
He survived the Abbasid overthrow of the Umayyads.

Halal means lawful or permitted under Islamic guidance.
It applies to food, conduct, earnings, and other matters.

Tariq ibn Ziyad crossed into Iberia in 711 CE.
Gibraltar's name is linked to Jabal Tariq.

Haram refers to actions or things prohibited by clear Islamic evidence.
Avoiding them is a religious duty.

Salahuddin Ayyubi recaptured Jerusalem after the Battle of Hattin.
He became known for military skill and chivalry.

Fard means an obligation established by authoritative evidence.
Deliberately neglecting it without excuse is sinful.

In legal usage, Sunnah often refers to prophetic practices recommended for Muslims.
The term may have broader meanings in other contexts.

Makruh describes conduct that Islamic law discourages.
Scholars distinguish different levels and consequences.

Mubah means permitted without inherent reward or sin.
Intention can still affect the moral value of an ordinary act.

Ijma refers to recognized consensus of qualified Muslim scholars.
It is considered a source of legal authority in classical jurisprudence.

Qiyas extends a known ruling to a new case through a shared effective cause.
It is used when direct texts do not explicitly address the new issue.

The Umayyad Caliphate ruled from Damascus.
Its period began after the era of the Rightly Guided Caliphs.