All MCQs

Limiting data reduces privacy exposure, security risk, and misuse opportunities. Each collected field should have a clear justification connected to the task.

Attributes such as birth date, location, and occupation can form a distinctive combination. Attackers may link those quasi-identifiers with other datasets to infer identity.

Anonymization removes or transforms identifying information to lower linkage risk. Its effectiveness depends on the remaining data and available external information.

A national identity number directly identifies or can readily be linked to a specific person. Its collection and storage therefore require strong protection and justification.

Privacy addresses how personal information is handled and whether individuals’ interests and expectations are respected. It is broader than simply protecting files from hackers.

Honest visualization avoids graphical distortion and provides enough information for accurate interpretation. Scale choices, exclusions, and transformations should not mislead the audience.

Visual hierarchy helps viewers identify key indicators first and then move to supporting context. Without it, competing elements can make a dashboard difficult to scan.

Raw counts often reflect exposure, such as population, rather than the rate of an event. Normalizing by an appropriate denominator can support fairer geographic comparison.

Interaction can reveal details on demand and support exploration without displaying everything simultaneously. A static view remains preferable when a stable, self-contained message is required.

Redundant encodings allow categories to remain distinguishable even when hues are difficult to separate. Accessible palettes and adequate contrast further improve readability.

Interval encodings show that an estimate is not known with perfect precision. The caption should identify whether the interval represents confidence, prediction, variability, or another quantity.

Small multiples repeat a consistent chart design for each subset of data. Shared scales and layout allow viewers to compare patterns efficiently.