Australia & New Zealand MCQs

Reducing particle size can increase dissolution rate by increasing surface area.

For a weak acid, [A−]/[HA]=10^(pH−pKa).

Bactericidal activity kills susceptible bacteria, whereas bacteriostatic activity inhibits growth.

Phase I reactions commonly introduce or expose functional groups through oxidation, reduction or hydrolysis.

Use fraction remaining=e^(−kt).

A randomised controlled design reduces allocation bias and supports causal inference when well conducted.

Positive predictive value depends on disease prevalence as well as test performance.

A depot formulation can prolong drug release and reduce dosing frequency.

Concentration=amount/volume.

Concentration=amount/volume.

Apply AUC=F×Dose/CL.

After three half-lives, (1/2)^3=12.5%.