Practice Pakistan questions with answers and explanations.
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Glycolysis is a cytosolic pathway that converts glucose to pyruvate while generating ATP and NADH.
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Gram-positive cocci is bacteria that retain crystal violet and appear purple because of a thick peptidoglycan wall.
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Endospore is a dormant resistant structure formed by selected bacteria such as Bacillus and Clostridium species.
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Biofilm is a structured microbial community embedded in a protective extracellular matrix on a surface.
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Sterilisation is complete destruction or removal of all forms of microbial life, including spores.
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Disinfection is reduction of pathogenic microorganisms on inanimate objects, not necessarily including spores.
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Transamination is transfer of an amino group between an amino acid and a keto acid.
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Polymerase chain reaction is a method that amplifies a selected DNA sequence through repeated thermal cycles.
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Albumin is the major plasma protein contributing to oncotic pressure and transport of many substances.
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Lactate dehydrogenase is an enzyme that interconverts pyruvate and lactate while cycling NADH and NAD+.
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Transamination is transfer of an amino group between an amino acid and a keto acid.
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Polymerase chain reaction is a method that amplifies a selected DNA sequence through repeated thermal cycles.
