Pakistan MCQs

Obiter dicta may be persuasive but are usually not binding.
Their influence depends on the court and reasoning.

A valid legal custom generally requires continuity and certainty.
Recognition by courts or legislation gives it legal effect.

Codification organizes and states law in a structured enactment.
It can improve accessibility and consistency.

Jurisprudence examines distributive, corrective, and procedural justice.
Different theories define fairness differently.

Jurisprudence studies the nature, sources, concepts, and purposes of law.
It provides theoretical foundations for legal analysis.

Equitable doctrines supplement strict legal rules.
They provide remedies such as injunction and specific performance.

Positive law derives validity from recognized legal institutions.
It is distinguished from purely moral or natural principles.

Liability may be civil or criminal.
Its basis may include fault, risk, or strict responsibility.

Natural law theories assess legal rules against reason or moral standards.
They often distinguish just law from mere coercive command.

Mens rea concerns intention, knowledge, recklessness, or negligence.
Its required form depends on the offence.

Command theory is associated with John Austin.
It links legal obligation to sovereign commands and sanctions.

Actus reus is the external element of an offence.
Criminal liability commonly requires both actus reus and mens rea.