Pakistan MCQs

Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and photosynthetic membranes.
They convert light energy into chemical energy.

The plasma membrane is selectively permeable.
It regulates exchange between the cell and its environment.

Rough ER has ribosomes attached to its surface.
It folds and modifies proteins entering the endomembrane system.

Intrinsic motivation comes from curiosity, enjoyment, or personal value.
It often supports persistence and deep engagement.

Self-efficacy affects effort, persistence, and response to difficulty.
It is task-specific rather than a broad feeling of worth.

Positive means adding a stimulus, not necessarily moral approval.
The added consequence makes the behavior more likely.

Negative reinforcement strengthens behavior by taking away something aversive.
It is not the same as punishment.

Off-the-job methods include workshops, simulations, courses, and seminars.
They allow focused learning with fewer work interruptions.

Coaching provides feedback, practice, and support around specific goals.
It is often shorter-term and performance-focused.

Mentoring supports career insight, confidence, networks, and broader development.
It is usually less directive than immediate performance coaching.

On-the-job training connects instruction directly with real tasks.
Coaching, job instruction, and apprenticeships are common forms.

Leading involves communication, motivation, direction, and interpersonal influence.
It helps people work willingly toward shared goals.