GAT Subject Biological Sciences MCQs

Different genes are expressed in different cell types.
This creates specialized structures and functions.

As a cell grows, volume increases faster than surface area.
Small size improves transport of nutrients, gases, and wastes.

Cellulose microfibrils provide strength to plant cell walls.
The wall supports and protects the cell.

Water moves out toward the higher solute concentration.
The cell undergoes crenation.

Fungal cell walls contain chitin and other polysaccharides.
Chitin is also found in arthropod exoskeletons.

Peptidoglycan forms a strong mesh around bacterial cells.
Its thickness differs between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

Cytoplasm includes the cytosol and suspended structures.
Many metabolic reactions occur there.

The cytoskeleton includes microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.
It supports transport, division, and movement.

Microtubules form tracks for motor proteins.
They also form the mitotic spindle, cilia, and flagella.

Microfilaments are mainly composed of actin.
They participate in cell crawling, cytokinesis, and muscle contraction.

Diffusion results from random molecular motion.
It continues until concentration differences are reduced.

Water moves toward the side with higher effective solute concentration.
Osmosis affects cell volume and turgor.