Medicine & Allied Clinical Reasoning MCQs

Nephrotic syndrome is heavy proteinuria with hypoalbuminaemia, oedema and often hyperlipidaemia.

Nephritic syndrome is glomerular inflammation causing haematuria, reduced filtration and often hypertension.

Iron-deficiency anaemia is a microcytic anaemia caused by inadequate iron availability for haemoglobin synthesis.

Megaloblastic anaemia is a macrocytic anaemia caused by impaired DNA synthesis, often from folate or vitamin B12 deficiency.

Cirrhosis is diffuse hepatic fibrosis with regenerative nodules and altered liver architecture.

Acute pancreatitis is acute pancreatic inflammation commonly presenting with severe epigastric pain and elevated pancreatic enzymes.

Bacterial meningitis is acute infection of the meninges requiring urgent antimicrobial treatment.

Ischaemic stroke is neurological deficit caused by interruption of cerebral blood flow due to arterial occlusion.

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disorder with variable and usually reversible airflow obstruction.

Anaphylaxis is a rapid severe systemic hypersensitivity reaction that may compromise airway, breathing or circulation.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is persistent airflow limitation commonly related to smoking or noxious exposure.

Diabetic ketoacidosis is hyperglycaemia with ketonaemia and metabolic acidosis due to severe insulin deficiency.